One of our engineers aims for a big sound from the smallest of acoustic drum kits, as he sets about creating a drum sample library...
Matt Houghton
This month’s recording session was all about tracking drums, which is probably one of the most written-about topics in audio production, and one we’ve covered in different ways many times in the pages of SOS. In my experience, though, each session throws up its own challenges, and usually plenty of opportunities to experiment with different mic selections and placements too — so, in my book, if you don’t learn something new every time you track a drum kit, you’re not doing it right.
For this particular project, there was a little twist, in that I wasn’t tracking drums to fit a full musical composition. Instead, they’d be used in two ways. First, in addition to being a session musician, the drummer in question, Levi Szendro, is also a drum maker. One of his main aims was for me to catch the sound of his kit and playing for use on his web site. Second, my own main aim was to capture all the nuances of his kit in order to create a sample library — the post-production side of which will, if all goes to plan, form the basis of another SOS workshop in the not-too-distant future.

In this shot, you can see the fully miked drum kit, including the overhead pair of AKG C451B mics which, positioned equidistant from the snare drum, formed the basis of the overall kit sound, as well as picking up most of the cymbals sound. Note the jumper hanging off one mic stand — an impromptu counter-balance to stop the boom sagging when extended to reach through the spaghetti mess of stands and cables!
In this shot, you can see the fully miked drum kit, including the overhead pair of AKG C451B mics which, positioned equidistant from the snare drum, formed the basis of the overall kit sound, as well as picking up most of the cymbals sound. Note the jumper hanging off one mic stand — an impromptu counter-balance to stop the boom sagging when extended to reach through the spaghetti mess of stands and cables!
Making drums sound rich and full on their own, with no other musical accompaniment, is a very different prospect from tailoring them to fit alongside other instruments. In fact, in some respects it’s easier, as there are going to be no clashes with other instruments in terms of masking of frequencies. On the other hand, there’s nowhere to hide; if you get the sound wrong, the mistakes and embarrassments are there for everyone to hear! The sample-library side of the equation complicates matters, in that you have no idea what song anyone wants to use the library for, but you do know that it will need tweaking to fit various songs — and that means that you need to build in a certain amount of flexibility. Of course, unless you capture the sound of several alternative drums for each part of the kit, you’re going to be limited to some extent in what the library can do, but you can still experiment with the panning and levels of close-miked signals versus those from the room and overhead mics, and you can, if you wish, change the sound considerably by rigging more than one pair of overheads. Some further flexibility can be added in the post-production phase but, as I said earlier, that’s a subject for another day. For now, I’ll focus on some of the successes and difficulties of the recording session itself.
Choosing A Recording Space

The initial plan for snare close-miking was to place an AKG C414 B-ULS on the bottom and a Beyerdynamic M201 on the top, with one polarity-inverted. It’s a combination that often works, but it didn’t seem to acquit itself so well on this piccolo, and in the end Matt was able to get a fuller, more natural sound using a pair of C414 B-ULS in the same configuration.
The initial plan for snare close-miking was to place an AKG C414 B-ULS on the bottom and a Beyerdynamic M201 on the top, with one polarity-inverted. It’s a combination that often works, but it didn’t seem to acquit itself so well on this piccolo, and in the end Matt was able to get a fuller, more natural sound using a pair of C414 B-ULS in the same configuration.

After lining up a decent drummer and drum kit, by far the most important factor in capturing a good drum sound is finding a nice — or at the very least sufficiently controllable — space in which to set up the kit. It is possible to use quite a small, relatively dead-sounding room to track drums, and then add in ambience later on, using, say, a natural-sounding convolution reverb. Indeed, that’s an approach we often advocate in our Studio SOS column, in cases where drummer-recordists are working within the constraints of a small domestic environment. However, both Levi and I were keen to experiment with room mics, to see what sort of sounds we could capture from his unique kit — and given that I’d be close-miking most kit pieces, too, a small room would not provide sufficient space to erect the necessary forest of mic stands.
Another thing about tracking drums, in my experience, is that you really need to be able to hear clearly what you’re recording — and that means having reliable monitoring. While it’s relatively easy to find good or interesting rooms for recording, the monitoring side of things is tougher, and it’s no coincidence that my experiences of tracking drums on location when there’s no separate area to set up as a control room have so far failed to meet with my complete satisfaction. Headphones serve well enough for most things, but even when using them in a separate room (never mind trying to monitor in the same room as the kit!), I’ve yet to find a pair I’m happy to use to hear what’s going on with a kick drum — however good the cans are, they still leave me guessing a bit in this respect, and the kick sound is so important in so many styles. For many engineers, it’s the solid foundation around which a kit sound can be built.
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