Blumlein
Alan Dower Blumlein (1903-1942) was an electronics engineer who was instrumental in the development of stereo recording techniques and equipment in the 1930s when working for EMI.
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Low-Pass Filter (LPF)
A filter which passes frequencies below its cut-off frequency, but attenuates higher frequencies. Also known as a 'high-cut' filter.
AM (Amplitude Modulation)
A means of convenying information on a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous amplitude. In an audio application, like AM radio, the wanted audio signal's amplitude is used to create corresponding deviations in the carrier wave's amplitude. A demodulator can detect these deviations and thus recover the base-band audio signal. This form of modulation contrasts with frequency modulation (FM) where the carrier wave's amplitude remains constant but its frequency is varied to convey the wanted signal.
FM (Frequency Modulation)
A means of convenying information on a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. In an audio application, like FM radio, the wanted audio signal's amplitude is used to create corresponding deviations in the carrier wave's frequency. A demodulator can detect these frequency deviations and convert them back to amplitude variations to recover the base-band audio signal. This form of modulation contrasts with amplitude modulation (AM) where the carrier wave frequency remains constant and its amplitude is varied to convey the wanted signal.
DC-Bias
Most Capacitor microphones work by storing a static charge within the capacitive capsule. The traditional way of building up that static charge is by applying an external DC voltage, and this is known as a DC-Bias. Typically, the voltage is around 60VDC, but greater voltages permit more headroom, and altering the voltage can also vary the sensitivity of the capsule which is useful in configuring multi-pattern mics. The most common alternative to DC-Bias is the Electret design where the static charge is provided by a dielectric material built into the mic itself. A third alternative is the RF-bias technique which works on a different principle altogether.
Audio Over IP
Also known as AoIP — an audio transfer system which routes multiple audio channels over an Ethernet network. There is a wide range of systems operating in slightly different ways, few of which are compatible. Some require independent and exclusive networks, while others can co-exist with existing Ethernet traffic. Examples of proprietary AoIP systems include, Ravenna, Dante, and many more, but there are also a few generic systems such as AVB
AoIP
See Audio Over IP
Solo Safe
Large format consoles ofgten have a 'Solo Safe' function to prevent certain channels from being muted when others are solo'd. This would typically be used to maintain the signals from effects returns, for example, so that a solo'd channel can be auditioned with its related effects. (See Solo)
Solo
A system used within mixing consoles to allow specific channel signals to be monitored in isolation. Solo differs from PFL and AFL in that it doesn't route signals to the monitoring system via a dedicated bus. Instead, it uses the console's main stereo output bus and works by muting all other channels, leaving only the channel currently being solo'd to feed the stereo mix bus. For this reason, it is often called a 'destructive solo' and the function is normally locked-out in broadcast desks when the 'red light' is turned on! As the Solo'd signal includes the effects of both the fader and the pan-pot, it is sometimes known as 'solo-in-place, or SIP. (See AFL and PFL).
Polyphonic Aftertouch
A means of generating multiple control signals in a synthesizer based on how much pressure is applied to individual keys of a MIDI keyboard. Only a few instruments curently generate polyphonic aftertouch, although more can respond to it. Aftertouch is typically used to control such functions as vibrato depth, filter brightness, loudness etc. See Aftertouch
EBU
European Broadcasting Union — a professional organisation that defines equipment standards and practices, amongst other things.
D/A [D-A] Converter
A device which converts the digital representation of an audio signal back to the analogue domain. (Cf. A-D Converter.)